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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁
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“They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”( l! d3 B* ?4 S
上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:
) k6 w. D+ A9 t& ?5 ]" B “They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
1 t. k6 F: a$ r 不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:3 M, k3 h7 e" f
“They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”; p: x8 H* h: l/ @5 V; A/ [
不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。3 h- P; a! {" r$ s2 M# l
现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。
: Z% T( n, B0 N& O5 t0 V Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:
Q) D" f2 M, \! X Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:- ]: p+ s9 q1 B. h4 l; q! q
① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.3 ?& {% M5 [4 G: B1 H$ T! b' }3 X
② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.
1 F6 u U1 Q; E" i Ⅱ表示“反意见”:% P" g7 Z$ b: b" t& N
But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:
7 ]- l9 f0 Z; X2 L ③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.
$ V+ `1 S( U* d0 {6 d ④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small." l9 F; W4 f3 j& |, T q! d- s. A
Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:8 g x: q9 l# [
Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
5 Q6 {1 Q# j5 k* {# k1 O$ Z ⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.; c5 L: Q, @6 U- U) P9 Q
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.9 K' \2 t3 H& _* c2 x( f3 `
Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:% D9 U1 I0 B5 f& c
Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:7 P2 W2 e9 S1 T; k
⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.
0 y( S, t- J8 q5 N7 H3 q ⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.
* V. F% N2 J! s) W; M3 D' M1 E: D8 i# ] Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:% E. Y6 x$ f1 {$ Q* d9 y
For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:* U7 c( T" a$ u7 f6 |3 z/ g1 \
⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".
% o2 r# Q; P) l Ⅵ表示“结束”:
6 t: W9 ~& ~- E$ O To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:. n. N1 h# M: R+ l
⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.
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